Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement - Essay Example The Argument The advertisement is arguing the point that with the new Nissan Dualis, one of the features being promoted as its focal point is its 360 ° view or the ability of the driver to be able to monitor his surroundings from the driver’s seat from a 360 ° perspective. The advertisement was therefore effective in providing a visual presentation of indicating how the 360 ° view could be depicted perfectly by positioning the female model in 12 strategic identical poses. The image thereby represents looking at strategic areas around the vehicle from complete circular points of view. The Target Audience The target audience that is perceived from the advertisement is female drivers, who would be more interested in being extra careful in monitoring the condition of the vehicle’s situation from a complete 360 ° view. More specifically, it is directed to female and young adult professional drivers, as depicted from the model that they used in the advertisement. The female model is perceived to be in her early 20s and her manner of carrying herself through the outfit she wears (white crisp blouse over a blue tight jeans and with a red belt) is indicative of her being in a carefree lifestyle, possibly in an exciting career. But of course, the advertisement could also be directed to all automobile drivers who are interested in owning the Nissan Dualis, with this 360 ° Around View Monitor. Rhetorical Principles Employed The rhetorical principles that were employed are a collaboration of logos (logic), pathos (emotion) and ethos (character). The rhetorical principle of logos was evident from the effective display of visual representation that captured the message of 360 ° view from the strategic positions of the female model. Likewise, the captions below the focal images with states: â€Å"PARK PERFECTLY WITH A 360 ° VIEW. The 360 ° Around View Monitor. Nissan Innovation that excites† (Best Ads) uses logical and emotional appeal thro ugh provision of factual information, in conjunction with the use of words that entices the emotion (excites). Finally, the rhetorical principle of ethos (character) is relayed through inclusion of Nissan’s logo and brand name, as well as the name of the vehicle being advertised, situated effectively at the upper left hand corner and colored in bold red to stand out against the immaculately white background with very faint shades of possibly light gray around the borders. The brand name, in itself, solicits character and credibility as one of the trusted brands in cars, known worldwide. Conformity to Advertisement Theories and Strategies As learned from the course modules, it is relevant that advertisements contain an effective interplay of both visual and verbal contents to make the advertisement effective. As such, this particular concept is appropriately applied in the Nissan Dualis: Park Perfectly ad which was proven to have used exemplary visual contents and assisted wit h verbal contents. But, as contented by Rossiter, â€Å"visual content warrants relatively more advertiser attention than verbal content† (101). From the impact that the visual content creates to the target audience, it is therefore supported that this concept is validated. One therefore agrees that the ability of the creator of the advertisement to design a visual image that would effectively relay the message that is intended, in a creative and innovative fashion, significantly assists in considering the advertisment a success – especially when the advertisement effort created that action intented by the organization;

Jackson Pollock Essay Example for Free

Jackson Pollock Essay There are several artists who have influenced my work and my passion for the arts. One of my favorite is Jackson Pollock. Pollocks works inspire me to be creative even if my creativity is random. â€Å"Jackson Pollack was an American artist who had an important influence on modern painting as an important figure in the abstract expressionist movement.†(World Book) Jackson Pollock was born January 28, 1912 in Cody, Wyoming into a family of four boys with Jackson being the youngest. His family moved to California where his father worked for the government as a surveyor. In 1930 Jackson joined his eldest brother Charles in New York City where he attended the Art Students League. There Pollack studied under Thomas Hart Benton. It was at the Art Student League that he first started dabbling in art. Some of his first works were â€Å"sketches using twisted counter shifts modeled after European artist such as Michelangelo, Rubens, and one of his personal favorites El Greco.† (nga.gov) He also experimented in pottery. He made several ceramic pieces like vases, bowls and plates. Most of the bowls he created were donated to Mrs. Benton Thomas Benton’s wife to sell for profits to help benefit the struggling artist in the area. The paintings created during 1931-1934 like Going West or Bird is examples of abstract expressionism. Growing up in the west Pollack painted several pieces with western scenes. â€Å"He made spasmodic trips to that area after he came to live in New York as a young man and his consciousness was conditioned, always, by early memories of the West.†(Robertson, B.) At first glance the early collection might be overlooked for a piece by an amateur painter because at the time he was an amateur painter. As his craft grew so did his painting style and theme. His works begin to reflect his sporadic emotions. â€Å"Jackson Pollock said regarding his art When I am in a painting, Im not aware of what Im doing. It is only after a sort of get acquainted period that I see what I have been about. I have no fears about making changes, destroying the image, etc, because the painting has a life of its own. I try to let it come through. It is only when I lose contact with the painting that the result is a mess. Otherwise there is pure harmony, an easy give and take, and the painting comes out well.(1artclub) Although he is now a famous artist and his works are studied and collected by many, Pollock did not acquire fame easily and there was much sacrificed on behalf of all those who loved and cared for and about him and his works. He suffered from alcoholism and depression. Like so many artist unfortunately, his work was significantly more appreciated after his tragic death. In the movie Pollack Jackson is portrayed to be a bit manic and known to have random backlashes and outburst stemming from his drinking, especially when his art was the subject of discussion. Critics struggled to identify what his exact style was and Jackson refused to identify it. This was part of the reason he was critically judged thorough out his career. After leaving the Art League School Pollack became a member of the League and took on a job for the mural commission of Indiana. â€Å"In 1937 Jackson began psychiatric treatment for his alcoholism.† (O’Connor, F.) During this period of his life he worked for the Works Project Administration (WPA) â€Å"He was required to submit for allocation one painting about every eight weeks, depending on its size and his normal rate of production â€Å"(O’Connor, F. ) for eight years. He would make approximately $7,800. Jackson meets Lee Krasner, a fellow surrealist in the American art world who had heard of Pollack and wanted to meet him before participating in an art show together. It was not until many years later that the two would marry. Lee Krasner was Pollock’s biggest supporter, best friends and love of his life. She understood Pollack in ways even he did not. Pollocks work had a strong Native American theme, which came from traveling with his father as a surveyor for the US government. An example of one of these pieces is Guardians of the Secret which he showed in his first one man show, sponsored by Miss Guggenheim. In this painting there is what appears to be a dead animal or person with a mask on, perhaps a wolf head. I think this may be a sacrifice or an accident cover up. It looks like four people standing around a tomb or table have a discussion. One of the figures seems to have a crown on. All of the figures have animalistic mask or maybe paint on their faces. On the tomb or table it looks like scribbles or an ancient script. The manly also resemble totems poles. The painting could be if a burial, or a ritual. Whatever the case it is a beautiful painting and like most of Pollock works the meaning is left up to the viewer. As Pollock continued to mature as an artist so did his work. In 1943 Pollock signed a one year contract with Peggy Guggenheim an avid art collector and owner of a museum-gallery called Art of This Century. The contract stipulated he receive â€Å"$150 a month and a settlement at the end of the year if more than $2700 worth of paintings were sold, allowing one third to the gallery. If less than this amount were realized, Miss Guggenheim would receive paintings to make-up the difference.†(O’Connor, F.) Pollack was also promised a one man show and a commission for a mural he would paint in Miss Guggenheims home. In 1950-1951 Pollock began painting in black and white. This is said to be the climax of Pollock’s inspiration. Unlike other artist Pollock numbered his paintings instead of naming all of them. When he was inspired he painted pictures at such a rate a number system was the best way to keep track of what he was producing. â€Å"Number Thirty Two, in particular, should be considered as a twentieth-century masterpiece: a perpetual mobile of whiplash line which has, in its cool muscularity, something of the improvisatory nature of jazz† (Robertson, B.) Soon after this period Pollock developed the black and white theme further into his splatter painting or drip painting as he was nicknamed â€Å"Jack the Dripper† by Time magazine in 1956. The first of this series was Lavender Mist. Pollock had created an international sensation of action painting. â€Å"Harold Rosenberg, described it, the canvas now became an arena in which to act, instead of a space in which to represent a real or imagined object, as it had been traditionally.† ( Busignani, A.) In 1946 Pollock and his wife moved to the East Hamptons. He would spend the remaining years of his life in a drunken violent rage. In 1956 Jackson Pollock was drunk driving when he had a violent accident that would take his and two other lives. His struggling career and unexpected death contribute to his legendary art status. Reference http://www.1artclub.com/going-west-by-jackson-pollock/ http://www.nga.gov/feature/pollock/artist1.shtm O’Connor, Francis. â€Å"Jackson Pollock† Museum of Modern Art. New York. 1967 Robertson, Bryan. â€Å"Jackson Pollock† Library of Congress. Harry N. Abrams Inc. New York. 1960. World Book Encyclopedia, 2002, v15. P. p. 646

Sociology of the Family Course Notes Essay Example for Free

Sociology of the Family Course Notes Essay Indirectly they choose who wil form their child’s friend groups (neighborhood choice). Marital status, sex, sexual orientation, and age of parents shape a child. Parenthood convential order at home, gender division of paid and unpaid—daddy works at home, and mommy goes to work—shows child that’s normalcy, could be different gender of labour somewhere else. Gender specific roles due to life situation of that family Affects children (institutions) -schools, media, churches, peer groups, day care, extra curricular programs. -Siblings- more egalitarian and equal to their peer relationship. Unlike peer relationships, the sibling is inscribed, not optimal, â€Å"stuck with family,† older siblings socialize younger siblings—positivewanting to ride a bike, sharing, communication, attitudes between safe sex, positive relationships, important identity, being strong person, when not to and when to get involved in situations negative—how to use makeup, smoking and drinking, young child figures out how to manipulate parents by watching older siblings, teach skills, attitudes, delinquency and aggressive behaviour, need to know when to stand up to their rights and when to give in peer group- once children start day care and school, peers become huge part of their life, parents have power over peers when young, but control is less when children grow up as parents cannot be with them constantly, peer elatipnship being negative, peers having negative affects on children (deliquent behaviour—drinking with peers and blame behaviour that children taking part in), friends affect childrens desirers of consumers, what the leader of the group wants, everyone has to have, children gravitate to those with similar interests—try on several different peer groups and then finally feel comfortable with similar likes, learning to conform to group culture, what is acceptable and what is not, peers can act more like a family than those at home, can be closer than blood bonds, peers can also create a dose of reality for those children that are a centre of reality for their parents lives Educational system—children learn to act around authority, introduced to many new groups, impact that school has, ie learning a different language, can than have an affect on other family members, formation of gender identities through the curriculum of culture, each school has its own gender regime—masculine and feminine characteristics—ie boys are athletic, strength, power, and others are arts schools, music cultures, etc. that stress certain masculine and feminine traits Religion-attendance in church is falling in the ages of 25-44 age group, adults are not exposing their children to particular formal/organized religious venues on a regular basis, most kids unaware of Sunday school, fellowship, religion had more social impact 50 years ago than today, spirituality has gone up, but doesn’t mean they are religious Media-can display media right away through all electronics, many more electronics today, benefits—news, can see what is going on around the world, broader overview of what is going on, more social awareness through media, more multicultural issues, strong women on tv—dora the explorer, ellen degeneres, judge judy, oprah, the good wife (lawyer), Emily md, modern family, will and grace negatives—cyber bullying, gender roles, racism, sexism, ageism, portraying women as sexual objects and victims of violence, agreesiveness and unhealthy relationships, tv violence raises aggression between young boys, experiencing violence in the home will produce aggressive deliquent behaviour, heavy viewing of tv can also interfere with school performance *reading, Ideologies of Parenthood medicalization of child-rearing-mothers were expected to rely on science and experts in the field of parenthood, scientific management of children in the beginning of this century, everything very routine and systematic scientific paradigm -the ideology of intensive mothering—- after ww2 intensive mothering became an accepted belief system, childrearing should be child centred, labour intensive, financially expensive, still taking advice from experts, -expansion of educational material ‘new’ brain science-no changing a child’s brain, once it is wired, that is the way the chld will be, critics charge that little evidence to prove this to be the case in the first 5 years, it is helpful but won’t detriment them if the mother isn’t completely nurturing them -parenting became medicalized, how to raise their children good mother/bad mother discourse—mothers are blamed for children’s bad experiences, socially created categories, cannot always take ownership of others actions—if child hits, do people think you hit at home, as long as child is adjusted, parenting style is working -responsive or attachment parenting, Alicia silversteen, the goal is to form and nurture a strong connection between parent and child, co-sleeping with the child until puberty hits (until 6 or 7 years old), unscheduled styles of homework, no routine for homework, diaperless poty training, not inflicting a regid routine on a child, the child will dictate to you when they are ready to do certain things blossom—son in sling up until age of 5 and poty training was diaperless for first little bit, and co-sleeping stil at 4 and 7 (7 b’s of attachment syndrome—askdrsears) Parenting Styles -4 socialization styles -authoritarian—maximize control, regid rules and standards of behiavour, don’t like to be challenged, emphasize respect for authority, powers and threats, not a lot of autonomy and individualism expressed by child, if rule broken, severe discipline and violent, low self-esteem, dependent, high delinquency or rebellion, lack of respect for peers indifferent uninvolved arenting-uninvolved st yle, parents barely involved in family life, parents are parents centred rather than child centred, encourage child to stay at a distance, less interaction with child the better, consequences for child have attachment issues, have a void of family, look elsewhere and have attachment issues with peers, low self esteem, difficulty forming relationships, trust issues , authoritative-gold standard—to put boundaries on acceptable behaviour with warm and accepting context, based on firm consistent control with age appropriate demands, and encourage independence, encourage child to foster problem solving and autonomous decision making, controls their behaviour moderately—if break rule won’t get yelled at but with be dealt with appropriately, parent interaction—affection, give and take, not all about power dymanics of parent in control but child has expectations assumed for them. Characteristics of child—high levels of self esteem, show empathy and nurturi ng side, permissive-minimize any control, parent not heavily involved, parents don’t expect a lot from their children, when disciplining have tactics of reasoning—more friend to friend relationship, few parental constraints, parents approve child to do what they want, consequences for children-no respect for rules, push limits and very independent Home leaving and boomerang kids (clustered nest, revolving door, ful nest syndrome)—adults live in their parents home -what is the boomerang generation—1/4 of parents that live with adult children were living with boomerang kid, child may have a different consequence for a child parent who had never left the home, parents more likely to express frustration because kids take up their time and more resources, financial burden, mothers return to their second shift, washing their clothes, doing dishes, marital balance is off because another adult living in house, power dynamics and structures changes, happiness decreases for parents -parents willing to accept 1 or 2 back home but does diminish marital status, 3 and 4 times home is uncommon -no job right out of school, tuition too high must live at home, want to save money to get married or a mortgage on a house, financially struggling **two articles at end of slides, will be on final exam—essay question like for midt erm

Modernism In Scandinavia And Italy Cultural Studies Essay

Modernism In Scandinavia And Italy Cultural Studies Essay Modernism was not just a new style of thinking; it represented a new way of thinking, new ideas and a new ideology which was a shift from the contemporary ways of art, literature and architecture. Modernism, when defined roughly, refers to the contemporary ideas, notions, spirit and way of life. A more accurate definition would describe it as the change in the cultural values which originated in the form of cultural movements, and left their impact on the Western society in the late 19th and early 20th century. Some believe that modernism was an uprising against realism which was both conventional and conformist in its way of thinking. Some of the major political and societal changes which brought about the modernism were the post world wars situation. The huge developments and transformations in industry and technology coupled with the cultural exchanges, transportation and communication developments and influences from the West. The period of modernism in Scandinavia and Italy was both progressive and optimistic. It stems from the renaissance for the historians and was a cultural movement which impacted the Scandinavian and Italian art, architecture, music and literature. The breaking away from the conventional styles to newer representations in the period, where there was a shift from the traditional values. The period also marked growth and innovations in science, ethics, philosophy and psychology besides the previously mentioned art, architecture, music and literature. Different countries have had their share of influencing modernism. Modernism was reflected in art and styles and the streak touched many countries, with each nation contributing uniquely and overall adding to the progression. This period saw a change in the style and ideology of art during this era. The philosophy of art was transformed during this period in terms of the themes and subject matter, and also the use of colours, shapes and lines. The intellectual underpinnings of modernism emerge during the Renaissance period when, through the study of the art, poetry, philosophy, and science of ancient Greece and Rome, humanists revived the notion that man, rather than God, is the measure of all things, and promoted through education ideas of citizenship and civic consciousness. The period also gave rise to utopian visions of a more perfect society.  [1]   Every nuances of design, architecture or art captures the political and cultural aura of the time and place, and the modern art in Scandinavia and Italy reflected their countries situations in the modern art. Below is a modernism timeline which shows the significant events between 1920- 1970. Modernism in Scandinavia Scandinavia had a mixed dynamics of cultures, language and politics. This gave birth to a versatile and multi dimensional philosophy of art and design which became more assertive. The movement from Europe enveloped Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Finland within its fold. The Scandinavian countries had their own unique, yet impactful role in the move towards modernism. The response to the stimuli from the modern world was distinctive. The countries were experiencing the same changes in the modern life- social equality, industrialization and urbanization. Nonetheless, the outcomes and impact showed the unique natures of art and skills that evolved, which gave individuality and characteristic art and design to each of the countries. Yet the distinctiveness was combined with features which were common to all the Scandinavian countries which include a unifying touch in terms of humanism, tradition, moderation, handcrafted perfectionism, modesty, quietude and purposefulness  [2]   which came to know as the style of the Scandinavian modern art. Among the European countries, the Scandinavian were able to portray the modern artistic touch in their traditional and conventional craft most expressively. Countries such as Denmark, Sweden and Finland which had internal dynamics and resources which led to an increased inclination towards the craft industries were most explicit in communicating the modern aesthetic in their art and craft.With the breakdown of the craft guild system in the mid- nineteenth century, they established a number of institutions to protect them from an influx of inferior, foreign mass-produced goods.  [3]  The Swedish Society of Craft and Industrial Design was formed to cultivate and maintain high standards in crafts. In the pre-1900 times, the Scandinavian countries derived their inspiration from the national traditions and folklore. The early works, which imparted and impacted the most to the modernism, included the Viking-revival imagery of Norway, arts and crafts movement of Nordic and the Swedish porcelain works which depicted the flora and fauna to their utmost beauty on vessels. Harmony in visual arts such as architecture, decorative arts, graphics and craft came through the Art Nouveau movement which gave a unifying touch to the art. The driving motivation behind the flourishing of modern art during the Art Nouveau was the dissatisfaction with historicism, and the mutual feeling that a newer and fresher design should be adopted in the new century. Gregor Paulssons book Vackrare Vardagsvara was the starting point towards the unifying of Swedish design. The Swedish design was directed towards achieving ideals of humanism and democracy, depicted through beauty and simplicity. National romanticism found initial grounds in Sweden and Finland; however there was a failure to translate this style into architecture as a unifying feature. Works of architects like Gustaf Ferinand is of particular importance. The Scandinavian countries followed a same trajectory, like the Copenhagen town hall in Denmark failed to integrate Richardsons example. Romanticism is Finland had become prominent in the late 1800s. The inspiration behind the Finnish modern art was their folk epic kalevala. Sonck was a prominent figure who built a granite church and used materials such as steel and concrete for Engels university library. Other major buildings include Tampere Cathedral and telephone building with characteristic masonry syntax. Finland had been an imperial colony of Sweden and Russia, and therefore Denmark was where the revival of Romantic Classicism originated. Tinges of classism were seen in Sweden quite some time later in works such as Carl Westmans Stockholm Courts. The ar chitecture saw a shift from national romantic and classical to neo classical. In Sweden the Romantic classical revival could not witness its pure form and was diluted by inflection of plan and iconography. Tampere Landmarks and Monuments: Tampere Cathedral (Tampereen Tuomiokirkko)  tampere_cathedral_view.jpg Alvar Aaltos had Asplund as the driving force. Both Aaltos and Asplunds work had several directions to them, and depict different levels of cultural development. The work saw varying contrasts of classical and vernacular architecture. Major works of Aalto, such as the apartments, clubs, churches and renovations were inspired by Asplund, and had a Doricist touch to them with an amalgamation of vernacular, Hoffmanns austerity of line and Italian. Aaltos Paimio sanatorium instilled the Functional style in the 1927-34 periods. Aaltos later works were inspired by Erik Bryggman, who was a Finnish architect, in which classicism was combined with the Soviet-Agit-Prop lead in architecture expression. The designs of Aalto derived inspirations from both Dutch and Russian Constructivism, and included the use of concrete, geometrical schemes and serial landscapes. Aalto was influenced by different peoples and philosophies in his works. His later career saw a shift from rational and technical idea s to human imagination, and the use of materials shifted from concrete to wood. This was the organic approach to style and design. Special consideration was given to the ambiance and environment of the architecture, with filtration of heat, sound and light. Hence, the designs incorporated the physical and psychological needs of the people. Efforts were made to ensure the control of environment, meet the peoples needs of privacy, suitable exposure to light and heat, design of ceilings and non noisy wash basins. The designs and features of the buildings were tailor made for each, so that the varying needs such as those of a library and hospitals could be met effectively. Aalto describes his anti mechanistic and more humanistic approach to architecture in the words, To make architecture more human means better architecture and it means functionalism much larger than the merely technical ones. This goal can be accomplished only by architectural methods- by the creation and combination o f different technical things in such a way that they will provide for the human being the most harmonious life  [4]  . Neo empirical times in Scandinavia(1930s) saw the anti urban streak in them with an inclination towards the humanistic and traditional inspired styles. Some remarkable architectures in this period include the powerhouse designed by Osvald Almqvist, Sven Markeliuss Swedish pavilion, the house of Gunnar Asplund and other similar styles of buildings. The basic features of architecture in both Scandinavia and Italy can be described in the words, the entire inventive effort of these architects consist essentially of devising flexible urban modules whose geometrical character permits articulations that fit well into natural site, leaving the color, simplicity, and traditionalism of the details to provide the more immediate directions  [5]  . The Scandinavian styles, which emerged after the post world war period, were the works of many talented Scandinavian architects and designers. The works of the architects was highly successful and impacted o only the Scandinavian countries but also the rest of the world as described in the following words, Self-confidence grew with the successes. The American Lunning Award, reserved for Scandinavian designers, provided a number of young talents with their American breakthrough. In 1954 Design in Scandinavia embarked on a three-and-a half year long tour of the US and Canada. It was not just beautifully crafted objects, but A Scandinavian Way of Living that was promoted. Danish teak furniture, Swedish crystal and textiles, Norwegian enamel, Finnish furniture and glass merged into a concept generally perceived as Scandinavian: blond, cool, distinct and refined. Its careful craftsmanship, perfection, harmony and natural feeling were seen as the dream of a better world in a Europe which had risen from the inferno of World War II. Remarkably, there are few countries today if any which continue to produce as many vintage designs as the Scandinavian countries, testimony to their timelessness, practicality and to the well-deserved argument they transcend the vagaries of fashion  [6]  . Modernism in Italy Modernism in Italy is closely linked to the social forces and is portrayed through the artistic strategies. Artists as individuals, or in groups, sought to demonstrate the change of the century and the change in the social environment (with culture and politics being the main drivers) through painting, design, music, literature and architecture.Two architects, Giuseppe Sommaruga  and  Ernesto Basile, were the major contributors to the Art Nouveau in Italy. Art Noveau also known as the new art was a movement of changing styles of art, applied art and architecture in terms of style. Italy was affected, better, influenced by Modernism such that the era brought forward architectural masterpieces that were at times either influenced by the works of foreign modernist architects or by older architectural designs. The 1925 renovation of Rome brought about changes in the Roman map as streets were re-built to connect ancient monuments with the monuments that were to be built by the Mussolini with the help of Marcello Piacentini. While declaring the plan for the reconstruction of Rome, Mussolini declared: In five years time, Rome must astonish the peoples of the world. It must appear vast, orderly and powerful as it was in the days of Augustus. Affinity of tradition was so strong during the modernist era that it was almost impossible to construct and design buildings that did not draw influence from ancient Roman architecture. They were, therefore, bound to retain a typical national character. The act of taking inspiration from the past was best settled by the argument that the traditions are not erased from the memories of citizens but only evolve into variations of themselves. However, the avant-garde architecture and modernism was viewed fearfully by those who had witnessed the devastations of the world war and regarded modernism in the technological spheres and other advances as the root cause of the war. The new slogan raised was therefore that of humanism, which incorporated that which was left in the pre war period. Special emphasis was laid on the psychological and physical aspects of the architecture of the people, the expressive use of materials, integration with the environment and incorporation of the traditions and societal factors. The art and architecture sought to remove the anti-technology and neo-humanistic approach and produce work which the people could identify with by having a relationship with them and incorporating traditions. This is referred to as the neo-empirical movement in Scandinavia and the organic movement in Italy. The urban areas began to have a domestic tinge to them, with an anti urban attitude emerging in both Scandinavi a and Italy. The themes of nature and pseudo-psychologism flourished in the Scandinavian architecture in the 1930s. The Italian architects drew their inspiration from the Scandinavian architecture and therefore the architecture in Italy showed the visible signs of being inspired from the Scandinavians. The social-democratic styles were particularly attractive for the Italian architects. However, Italian modernism was more richer than the following of Scandinavian styles only. The flair of Italian furniture design for expressing exclusivity and esprit was much better suited to the booming economy than the sparse aesthetics and good-natured folksiness of Scandinavian design, which was beginning to feel tame and stagnant. A decade earlier, Nordic coolness and order had been needed to help heal the spiritual wounds in a Europe that was still in ruins and chaos. But now young Nordic designers could no longer walk in the old footsteps. Scandinavian design became unfashionable, also in Scandinavia itself  [7]  . However, the Italian architecture had more depth to it in the Neo-Realism, rather than just being inspired by Scandinavian styles. The central concern was on the insistence on defining a common language that would be directly communicative for the poorer classes who were viewed as the protagonists of the postwar reconstruction  [8]  . Informal ground plans were laid out to pay reverence to impulsive forms of architecture and materials such as wrought iron and Roman style bricks were used with an emphasis on local dialect. This combination clearly referred to the peasant world adorned for its naturalism. Certainly the rediscovery of rural purity was simply one aspect of the cultural populism that was so in vogue in the post war Italian culture. It was a regressive utopia with nostalgic accents. But, as far as the architecture was concerned, it created a true proper ideology that was adequate to the particular role that the building industry was called to fulfill in the period of r econstruction  [9]  . The architects gave monumental forms to their creations, with features of structural expressionism to build an emotive contact with the masses. The Italian architecture should also be viewed from the perspective of the polemics for and against the Organic architecture. In the Renaissance, architecture was seen as the supreme artit also represented the highest artistic achievement a human being could attain. The Italian renaissance architecture had significant impact on the world at that time, displaced only by the advent of modernist architecture in the twentieth century.  [10]   But even the modern architect Richard Meier notes that the quality of light, expression of structure, as expressed in an interior like Sant Ivo Sapienza, remains influential in the way buildings are designed today. Therefore, the ideas and philosophies that emerged with regard to the architectural design still find a place I todays world. The idea of buildings that reach into the heavens or the principle that an interior should welcome the light into the interior rooms can be traced to this period.  [11]  Much of domestic architecture throughout Europe and America still resists modernism, and you can still drive down the street in Palo Alto and see columned exterio rs on the houses of the wealthy mimicking public buildings and communicating civic power. The focus of Italian architecture was on the creation of open, well-lit, and above all public spaces that welcomed both light and was a reflection of humanistic ideas with special emphasis on the physical and psychological comforts for the people. The developments in Roman architecture with their innovative designs and use of styles such as arches and vaults are the source of inspiration for many architectural masterpieces even today. The modernism period brought changes that have changed the world of architecture forever. These impacts of modernism can be seen not only in the Roman empire but have also spread far and wide during the travels and conquests of the Romans. Conclusion The Scandinavian and Italian art and architecture, and the economic, technological, demographic and cultural changes evolved in tandem. The architectural designs depict the periods and their relative influence with different architects and artists gaining influence in different periods, and their works marked by their characteristic styles, yet having a unifying national touch to them. The styles which were adopted were the neo classism, Romanticism, historicism and vernacular architecture. These trends in architecture coincide with the societal and political changes in these countries during 1920-1970s. The use of wood and concrete and architectural styles like the arches, piers and others are the characteristic features of the times, and a reflection of political and societal evolution. The architecture in Scandinavia and Italy is intermittent with a variety of prevailing conditions, such as those of the society, but also reflect the architects innovation and style. The Scandinavia n and Italian architecture hold onto their uniqueness even today. A visit to these countries show how the architecture has a touch of individuality to it ranging from the buildings, shops, hotels, restaurants and other architectural creations. The modern and contemporary styles have left their mark so prominent, that it can be seen even today. To conclude, it may be said that identity is very important. During the modernism, people found validation and expression in the objects with which they surrounded themselves and therefore their ideologies were reflected in their art and architecture.

Movies Of 2001 :: essays research papers fc

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.â€Å"Cast Away†. Yahoo Online: Netscape Navigator. http://castawaymovie.com/index2.html March 19, 2001 This article emphasizes the idea that no matter how many obstacles are put in our path, we will find ways to accept them. This article is well written, but has limited amounts of information present. 2. â€Å"Caveman’s Valentine†. Yahoo Online: Netscape Navigator. http://www.beatboxbetty.com/moviereviews/moviereviews1/moviereviews1.htm #cavemansvalentine March 18, 2001 This article states that there are many nice touches to the thriller. Samuel L. Jackson portrays his character very well. This article does not have much information on â€Å"Caveman’s Valentine†, but it written well. 3. â€Å"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon† Dogpile Online: Netscape Navigator. http://www.findaarticles.com/m1312/1_379/62496416/p1/article.html March 18,2001 This article describes â€Å"Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon† as â€Å"The Matrix† of traditional martial arts films. This movie of revenge is brought to life by its magnificent combat scenes. This article provides a great review and is written well. 4. â€Å"Down to Earth†. Google Online: Netscape Navigator. http://hollywood.com/movies/downtoearth/index.html March 17, 2001 The synopsis of this movie reveals that â€Å"Down to Earth† is based on the 1978 movie â€Å"Heaven can Wait†. This article gives a detailed description of the movie and is easy to read. 5. â€Å"Enemy at the Gates†. Dogpile Online: Netscape Navigator. http://www.filmreview.co.uk/db/review.cgi?enemyatthegates March 20, 2001 The article tells of how â€Å"Enemy at the Gates† brings to life the battle of Stalingrad. The movie is very long and there is not suspense or action to hold the viewers attention. The article is well written and clearly explains the movie. 6. Ebert, Roger. â€Å"Billy Elliot†. Yahoo Online: Netscape Navigator. http://www.suntimes.com/Ebert/Ebert_reviews/2000/10/10/302.html March 21, 2001 Ebert describes â€Å"Billy Elliot† as awkwardly put together and unexplainable shifts in characters. This article is well written and easy to understand. 7. â€Å"Fellowship of The Rings†. Google Online: Netscape Navigator http://movies.ign.com/preview/2014.html March 20, 2001 This article describes â€Å"Fellowship of the Rings† an amazing picture that are dead on the books, and bring them to life. The article not smoothly written and lacks much description. 8. â€Å"Finding Forrester†. Dogpile Online: Netscape Navigator http://spe.sony.com/movies/findingforrester/html March 20,2001 This article includes director Van Sant’s views of how â€Å"Finding Forrester† is a progression form his â€Å"Good Will Hunting†. This article is focused on the director’s and screenwriter’s views of the film. It is written well and easily readable. 9. Fred, Chris. â€Å"15 Minutes†. Google Online: Netscape Navigator. http://www.movie-list.com/num.15minutes.shtml Fred describes â€Å"15 Minutes† as trying to portray the truth about the society of America. This article is poorly written. 10. Holt, Dera. â€Å"Traffic†. Yahoo Online: Netscape Navigator. http://indie-review.com/movies/traffic.html March 17, 2001 Holt describes the films great writing, compelling plot, and amazing cinematography.

Cloudstreet by Tim Winton :: essays research papers

Cloudstreet by Tim Winton "A texts setting and structure will normally be used by writers to develop and convey its themes." The novel Cloudstreet, by Western Australian born novelist Tim Winton is essentially a story revolving around how two rural families have come to live together at number one Cloudstreet. This novel’s themes are about finding one’s place in the world and the search for the meaning of life. As in this instance, Winton has successfully used setting and structure, crucial factors in any prosperous novel to help create a feeling of a real-life type atmosphere and perspective. This essay will demonstrate how Winton has used setting and structure to help develop and convey his themes. The story follows the lives of the Pickle family and the Lamb family and how they have come to grow, develop, love and change over a period of twenty years, while living with each other. Unfortunately, both moves coincided with different family disaster’s. For the Lamb’s, the unfortunate event takes place in the form of the near drowning of Samson, or as he is better known as Fish. While for the Pickles, it occurs with the loss of Sam’s (the father’s) fingers in a fishing accident. The reader can relate these events it to the biblical story of ‘Samson,’ and how he gained his strength through his hair. Meaning that by losing some of their strengths, (like Samson’s hair cut,) both Sam’s where able to gain new insights and opportunities. For Sam Pickles, this meant the move into the city from the outback, brought him his own home and a steady job at the mint. A rather large irony, as Sam is a compulsive gambler, more often than not short of cash. Although for Fish, losing his mental faculties and the ability to communicate to others, in his near drowning experience, gave way for his unimaginable bond with water and his abilities as a visionary. As Oriel Lamb said after Fish was rescued, "To the child who had hovered on the brink of drowning and who returned to life, though not all of Fish Lamb had come back," (found on Page 32) that other part of Fish Lamb it seems is the omniscient narrator of the novel. Spirituality is also important in Cloudstreet as it relates to the meaning of life and the exploration of community. We can see this in the opening lines of the novel "Shall we gather at the river Where bright angels feet have trod†¦.

Comparing Confucianism and Christianity Essay -- Christianity Confuciu

Comparing Confucianism and Christianity The premise of Confucian teachings are centered around the idea of Jen or the  ³virtue of humanity (Ching 68). ² To accomplish this divinity, five relationships must be honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by redefining the importance of society and government. He described a society governed by  ³reasonable, humane, and just sensibilities, not by the passions of individuals arbitrarily empowered by hereditary status ² (Clearly). He felt that this could be achieved through education and the unification of cultural beliefs. He believed that a nation would be benefited by citizens that were  ³ cultivated people whose intellects and emotions had been developed and matured by conscious people ² (Clearly). He felt that those born into the feudal system were had a personal duty to excel socially by means of power. Those who were of lesser class should also seek out education to better themselves. All purposes for betterment of man and society as one whole is known as Li. Li means  ³the rationalized social order ² (Yutang). Confucius felt that love and respect for authority was a key to a perfect society; this strict respect was practiced through rituals and magic (Smith). The Confucius traditions have caused a tradition to set within its institution and is extremely active. It has, unfortunately, allowed the political institution to manipulate the Confucius system. As with Christianity. Christianity also preaches a divine, brotherly love. Modern Christianity seeks to discover a  ³rational understanding of the person ² as did Confucius (Ess ed. 381); yet, Christianity feels that faith in the Jesus Christ as a personal savior is essential to this enlightenment. It was also under the guise of Christianity that it had to confront totalitarian systems  ³[dehumanize] uses of power in its sphere of influence (state and church, and [these] systems triumphed under the banner of de-Christianization (Ess ed. 384). Unlike Confucius reformers of their corrupt state pushed the beliefs of the true ideals of Confucius, Christians believed in an  ³Absolute against all absolvi... ...942. Hughes, E. R. and K. Religion in China. Hutchinson's University Library, London; 1950. Kelen, Betty. Confucius: In Life and Legend. Thomas Nelson INC., New York; 1971. King. Hans and ed. Christianity and the World Religions. Doubleday, New York; 1986 McCuen., Gary E. The Religious Right. Hudson, Wisconsin; 1989. O'Briare, S. J. Fifty Years of Chinese Garment. Lutterworth Press, London; 1951. Siu, R. G. H. The Man of Many Qualities: A Legacy of the I Ching. Smith, Huston. The Religions of Man. Harper & Row, New York; 1958 Smith, Howard. Confucius. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; 1973 Soper, Edmund Davison. The Religions of Mankind. Abingdon Press, New York; 1966. Toynbee, Arnold. Christianity Among the Religions of the World. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York; 1957 Weber, Max. The Religion of China. The Free Press, New York; 1951. Wieger, L. History of Religious Belief and Philosophical Opinions in China. Catholic Mission, Hsein-sein, China; 1927. Yang, C. K. Religion in Chinese Society. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles; 1961. Yutang, Lin. The Wisdom of Confucius. The Modern library, New York; 1938.